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Table of Contents | Background
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Spatially Integrated Social Science: Chapter 9
< Chapter 8 - Chapter
10 >
Measuring Spatial Diffusion
of Shots Fired Activity Across City Neighborhoods
George
Tita and
Jacqueline Cohen
Abstract
Social scientists interested in crime often
ask one of two questions: "Why does the distribution
of crime differ over place?" or "Why does the level
of crime within a place change over time?" Examining
these questions separately, however, ignores a potentially
richer understanding arising from space/time interactions
in crime. This chapter extends earlier work by Cohen and Tita
(1999) on a general method for identifying changes in spatial
and temporal patterns of homicide that are compatible with
various forms of diffusion. Building on Anselin's work on
"local indicators of spatial association" (LISA
statistics), the method explores the dynamics of changes over
time in patterns of spatial concentration in homicide across
neighborhoods within a city. The method distinguishes between
contagious diffusion between adjoining units and hierarchical
diffusion that spreads broadly through commonly shared influences.
The current analysis examines patterns of spatial diffusion
in non-lethal precursors to gun violence reflected in calls
to police reporting "shots fired" incidents.
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